(kuriiminyururu y'uruzigaikoreshwa mu bikorwa bikomeye nko mu nganda zikora sima n'imashini zitwara ivu/imashini zikoresha ivu mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi. Ibi bice bisaba uruvange rwihariye rw'ubukomere bwinshi bwo hejuru kugira ngo idashira kandi ipfundikizo rikomeye kandi ritoroshye kugira ngo rishobore kwihanganira ingaruka n'umunaniro)
Intego ni ugukora agasanduku k’icyuma kijimye kandi gafite imiterere y’icyuma gafatanye neza n’imbere mu mutima. Iki gikorwa gikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi z’ingenzi:
Intambwe ya 1: Mbere yo kuvurwa (Ntabwo ari ngombwa)
- Inzira: Guhindura ibintu mu buryo busanzwe.
- Intego: Kunoza imiterere y'ingano no kunoza ubushobozi bwo guhuza/guhuza imiyoboro y'urunigi rutarangizwa.
- Igipimo cy'ingenzi: Shyushya imiyoboro kuri 880–920°C hanyuma uyireke ikonje mu kirere.
Intambwe ya 2: Gukoresha carburizing
Ubu ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi aho karuboni ikwirakwizwa mu buso. Gukoresha gaze carburizing ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa kandi bugenzurwa muri ubu buryo.
- Intego: Gukungahaza ingano ya karuboni hejuru, bigatuma ikomera cyane nyuma yo kuzimya.
- Ubushyuhe: 880–930°C. Kugenzura ubushyuhe buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo uburebure bw'isanduku bube bumwe.
- Ikirere: Ikirere gikungahaye kuri karubone, akenshi gaze yo mu kirere ikunzwe na hydrocarbon nka methane cyangwa propane. Ubushobozi bwa karubone bugomba kugenzurwa neza.
- Ubushobozi bwa karuboni: Gumana kuri 0.8–1.0% kugira ngo ugere ku rugero rwiza rwa karuboni ku buso kugira ngo ubukomere burusheho kwiyongera nta karuboni nyinshi zikozwe.
- Igihe: Bigenwa n'uburebure bw'inyuguti wifuza. Gukwirakwira kw'inyuguti biterwa n'igihe. Urugero:
- Ku bujyakuzimu bw'agasanduku ka 1.0 mm: Hafi amasaha 8–10.
- Ku burebure bwa mm 1.5: Igihe kirekire ugereranyije.
- Ibisobanuro by'Ubujyakuzimu: Ku minyururu ikomeye, hakenewe uburebure bunini bw'isanduku.
- Itegeko ry'Igikumwe: Ubujyakuzimu bwa kaburimbo nibura inshuro 0.1 z'umurambararo w'umugozi kugeza ku nshuro 0.21 z'umurambararo w'umugozi akenshi bugenwa n'abakora.
- Ubujyakuzimu bwuzuye: Ubusanzwe buri hagati ya mm 0.5 na mm 2.0, aho hagati ya mm 1.0 na mm 1.5 ari byo bisanzwe mu gukoresha slag na sima.
Intambwe ya 3: Kuzimya
- Intego: Guhindura urwego rw'ubuso bwa karubone nyinshi mu buryo bukomeye kandi budashobora kwangirika.
- Hagati: Amavuta ni yo akunda kuzimya umuriro kuri izi ibyuma bya alloy. Kuzimya umuriro bitanga ubukonje bwihuse buhagije kugira ngo bigere ku gukomera cyane ariko bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika no gucikagurika bijyana no kuzimya amazi.
- Ubushyuhe: Amavuta ashyushye kuri 60–80°C akunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo hakonje neza.
Intambwe ya 4: Gushyushya
- Intego: Kugabanya imihangayiko y'imbere iterwa no kuzimya, kugabanya ububobere, no kugera ku buringanire bwa nyuma bw'ubukomere n'ubukomere.
- Ubushyuhe n'igihe:
- Ku bukonje bwinshi bw'ubuso (urugero, 58-62 HRC), shyira ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe buri hasi bwa 150–200°C mu gihe cy'isaha 1-2.
- Niba hakenewe ubukana buke gato ariko ubukana bwinshi, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya bwa 400–450°C burashobora gukoreshwa.
Intambwe ya 5: Nyuma yo kuvurwa (Ni ngombwa ariko ni byiza)
- Gusohora amasasu: Ubu buryo butera imiyoboro mito y’urukiramende, bigatera imihangayiko isigaye. Ibi byongera cyane imbaraga z’umunaniro, ibyo bikaba ingenzi cyane ku miyoboro ikorerwamo imitwaro ihoraho.
Igipimo cy'ubujyakuzimu bw'ingoboka
Iki ni cyo kizamini cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo harebwe ko urwego rwa kaburimbo rufite ubujyakuzimu buhagije kugira ngo rushobore kwihanganira kwangirika nta gasanduku kameneka kari munsi y'umutwaro.
- Ubujyakuzimu bw'urupapuro rukora neza: Ibi bisobanurwa nk'intera igororotse uvuye ku buso ukagera aho ubukana bugwa ku gaciro runaka, ubusanzwe ni 550 HV (cyangwa 52 HRC).
- Uburyo bikorwa: Igice cy'uruhererekane rw'umunyururu kiraseswa, kigasigwa (akenshi hakoreshejwe icyuma cya mbere), hanyuma kigasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Imiterere y'ubukana bw'udusimba ikorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubujyakuzimu nyabwo aho ubukana bumanuka bukagera kuri 550 HV.
- Ibipimo byo Kwemera: Ubujyakuzimu bw'urupapuro rwapimwe bugomba kuba bwujuje agaciro ntarengwa kagenwe (urugero, ≥1.0 mm cyangwa nk'uko itegeko rya `0.1 x diameter` ribivuga) kandi bukaba bungana ku muzenguruko w'urupapuro.
Isesengura ry'ibyuma
- Imiterere mito: Mikorosikopi ikoresha ibyuma ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma igice cyaciwe. Intego ni ukugenzura agace gato ka martensitic gafite ibara ryoroheje gahinduka buhoro buhoro ku gice gikomeye. Nta rusobe runini rwa karubide zo ku mupaka w'ingano rukwiye kubaho, bishobora gutera ububobere.
Isuzuma rya Mekanike
- Imbaraga zo gucika: Iminyururu y'icyitegererezo ikururwa ikangirika mu mashini ipima kugira ngo harebwe ko yujuje cyangwa irenga umutwaro ntarengwa wo gucika wagenwe n'ibipimo ngenderwaho nka DIN 764 cyangwa DIN 766 ku rwego rujyanye nayo (urugero, Icyiciro cya 2 cyangwa icya 3).
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-23-2026
