1. Intangiriro kuri DIN Ibipimo Byikoranabuhanga Byumunyururu
Ibipimo bya DIN, byateguwe n’ikigo cy’Ubudage gishinzwe ubuziranenge (Deutsches Institut für Normung), byerekana bumwe mu buryo bwa tekinike bwagutse kandi buzwi cyane bwa tekinike y’uruziga ruhuza ibyuma n’umuhuza ku isi. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bishyiraho ibisobanuro nyabyo bijyanye no gukora, kugerageza, no gukoresha iminyururu ikoreshwa mu nganda zinyuranye zirimo guterura, gutwara, gutembera, no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi. Ibisabwa bikomeye bya tekiniki bikubiye mu bipimo bya DIN byemeza urwego rwo hejuru rw’umutekano, kwiringirwa, hamwe n’imikoranire ya sisitemu y’urunigi ikoreshwa mu gusaba inganda n’umujyi. Imigenzo yubuhanga bwubudage yashyizeho ibipimo bya DIN nkibipimo ngenderwaho byubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibipimo mpuzamahanga mpuzamahanga bihuza cyangwa biva mu bisobanuro bya DIN, cyane cyane mu bijyanye n’ikoranabuhanga rihuza imiyoboro hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.
Uburyo butunganijwe bwibipimo bya DIN bikubiyemo ubuzima bwose bwibicuruzwa byuzuzanya - kuva guhitamo ibikoresho no gukora ibicuruzwa kugeza uburyo bwo gupima, ibipimo byemewe, ndetse nizabukuru. Ubu buryo bwuzuye butanga ababikora nubuyobozi busobanutse bwa tekiniki mugihe batanga abakoresha ba nyuma ibikorwa byizewe hamwe nubwishingizi bwumutekano. Ibipimo bigenda bisubirwamo buri gihe kugirango hinjizwemo iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, gukemura ibibazo byumutekano, no kwerekana ibyifuzo bisabwa bigenda bihinduka, bikomeza akamaro kacyo mubijyanye n’inganda zigenda ziyongera ku isi aho usanga guhuza ibikoresho no guhuza imikorere ari byo byibanze ku bakora umwuga w’ubuhanga n’ibikoresho byihariye.
2. Umwanya no gutondekanya urunigi ruhuza
Ibipimo bya DIN bitanga ibisobanuro birambuye kumurongo wicyuma uhuza urunigi rushingiye kubyo bagenewe, amanota yimikorere, nibiranga geometrike. Iminyururu itondekanya muburyo bukurikije ibikorwa byabo byibanze - haba mu ntego zo guterura, sisitemu ya convoyeur, cyangwa porogaramu zigenda - hamwe na buri cyiciro gifite ibyiciro byihariye bishingiye ku bipimo bya tekiniki. Ikintu cyibanze cyo gutondekanya ibyingenzi ni urunigi ruhuza icyerekezo, hamwe na 5d (inshuro eshanu z'umurambararo wibikoresho) byerekana icyerekezo rusange cyerekana iminyururu ya convoyeur nkuko bigaragara muri DIN 762-2, ikubiyemo cyane cyane iminyururu ihuza ibyuma hamwe na 5d ya convoyeur, bikomeza gushyirwa mu cyiciro cya 5 hamwe no kuzimya no kuvura ibintu byongerewe imbaraga za mashini.
Icyiciro cyibikoresho byerekana ikindi cyiciro gikomeye mubyiciro bya DIN, byerekana imiterere yuruhererekane kandi bikwiranye na serivisi zitandukanye. Kurugero, ubwihindurize kuvaDIN 764-1992 kuri "icyiciro cya 30, ikibanza 3.5d "iminyururu kugeza ubuDIN 764-2010 kuri "icyiciro cya 5.
3. Ubwihindurize bwa tekinike yubuziranenge
Imiterere yimiterere ya DIN yerekana iterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga mugushushanya urunigi, ibikoresho bya siyansi, nuburyo bwo gukora. Isuzuma ryamateka asubirwamo yerekana uburyo bwo kuzamura iterambere mubisabwa tekiniki no gutekereza kumutekano. Kurugero, DIN 762-2 yahindutse cyane kuva verisiyo yayo yo mu 1992, yerekanaga iminyururu "icyiciro cya 3", kugeza muri verisiyo ya 2015 yerekana imikorere-yo hejuru "icyiciro cya 5, yazimye kandi ituje" iminyururu. Ubwihindurize ntabwo bugaragaza gusa impinduka mubyerekanwe ahubwo bikubiyemo iterambere ryinshi mubintu byihariye, uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe, hamwe n'ibiteganijwe gukorwa, amaherezo bikavamo iminyururu ifite imiterere ihanitse kandi ikaramba.
Na none, iterambere ryaDIN 22258-2 kubwoko bwa Kenter ihuza urunigiyerekana uburyo ibintu byihariye bihuza byashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango sisitemu yizewe. Yatangijwe bwa mbere mu 1983 hanyuma ivugururwa nyuma ya 1993, 2003, na vuba aha muri 2015, iki gipimo cyashyizwemo ibisabwa cyane kugirango igishushanyo mbonera, ibikoresho, hamwe no kwipimisha. Ivugurura riheruka rya 2015 ririmo impapuro 18 zerekana ibisobanuro birambuye, byerekana inzira yuzuye yafashwe kugirango iki kibazo cyumutekano gikemuke muri sisitemu. Uburyo buhoraho bwo kuzamura ibipimo-mubisanzwe buri myaka 10-12 hamwe nigihe kimwe cyahinduwe hagati-byemeza ko ibipimo bya DIN biguma kumwanya wambere wumutekano nibikorwa mugihe harimo ibitekerezo bifatika biva mubikorwa byinganda.
4. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byurunigi hamwe nibikoresho
Iminyururu ihuza ibice byingenzi muri sisitemu yo guhuza uruziga, ituma guterana, gusenya, no guhindura uburebure mugihe ukomeza uburinganire bwimiterere nubushobozi bwo kwikorera urunigi. Ibipimo bya DIN bitanga ibisobanuro byuzuye muburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza urunigi, hamwe na Kenter ihuza ubwoko bwihariye muri DIN 22258-2. Ihuriro risanzwe ryakozwe kugirango rihuze imbaraga nibikorwa biranga iminyururu bahuza, hamwe nibisobanuro birambuye bikubiyemo ibipimo, ibikoresho, kuvura ubushyuhe, nibisabwa byo gupima ibimenyetso. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byihuza bituma imikoranire hagati yiminyururu ituruka mubikorwa bitandukanye kandi ikorohereza ibikorwa byo kubungabunga no gusana mumiterere yumurima.
Akamaro ko guhuza ibipimo birenze ubushobozi bwa tekiniki kugirango bikubiyemo ibitekerezo byingenzi byumutekano. Mu guterura porogaramu, kurugero, kunanirwa kwumuhuza birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi, bigatuma ibisobanuro bikomereye mubipimo bya DIN byingenzi kugirango bigabanye ingaruka. Ibipimo bishyiraho ibisabwa, imikorere ya geometrie, hamwe nuburyo bwikizamini abahuza bagomba guhaza mbere yo kwemerwa na serivisi. Ubu buryo butunganijwe muburyo bwo guhuza ibikorwa byerekana filozofiya yuzuye yumutekano yashyizwe mubipimo bya DIN, aho buri kintu cyose munzira yumutwaro kigomba kuba cyujuje ibipimo byasobanuwe neza kugirango sisitemu yizewe muri rusange.
5. Kwishyira hamwe kwisi yose
Ingaruka z’ibipimo bya DIN zirenze kure imipaka y’Ubudage, hamwe n’ibipimo byinshi byafashwe nkibisobanuro mu mishinga mpuzamahanga kandi bigashyirwa mu rwego rwo kugenzura ibihugu bitandukanye. Gukusanya buri gihe ibipimo by’urwego rw’Ubudage mu bitabo nka "Ubuziranenge bw’Ubudage bw’Ubudage" na Komite y’ubuhanga mu bya tekinike y’igihugu cy’Ubushinwa (SAC / TC 164) byerekana uburyo ibyo bisobanuro byakwirakwijwe ku isi hose kugira ngo byoroherezwe guhanahana amakuru no guhuza ibipimo. Iki gitabo, gikubiyemo ibipimo 51 bya DIN bikubiyemo ubwoko bwinshi bwurunigi harimo "iminyururu myinshi ya plaque", "iminyururu ya plaque", "iminyururu yo hejuru", na "iminyururu ya convoyeur", byabaye ingirakamaro ku munyururu n’amasoko mu nganda mpuzamahanga.
Isi yose ifitanye isano n’ibipimo bya DIN bigaragazwa kandi no guhuza ibikorwa na gahunda mpuzamahanga yo kugenderaho. Ibipimo byinshi bya DIN bigenda bihuzwa buhoro buhoro n’ibipimo bya ISO kugira ngo byorohereze ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, mu gihe bigikomeza ibisabwa byihariye bya tekiniki biranga ubudage bw’ubudage. Ubu buryo bubiri-kubungabunga DIN yihariye ibisabwa mugihe dushishikarizwa guhuza mpuzamahanga - byemeza ko ababikora bashobora gukora ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa ku isoko ryakarere ndetse nisi yose. Ibipimo bikubiyemo ibipimo bya tekiniki byerekana imyirondoro yinyo, ibipimo bihuza, hamwe nibikoresho byihariye bifasha imikoranire nyayo hagati yiminyururu nisoko biva mubikorwa bitandukanye kwisi.
6. Umwanzuro
Ibipimo bya DIN kumurongo wibyuma bihuza iminyururu hamwe nabahuza byerekana urwego rwa tekiniki rwuzuye rwagize uruhare runini mubikorwa byo gukora urunigi no mubikorwa. Binyuze muri sisitemu yo gutondekanya neza, ibintu bikomeye nibikorwa byihariye, hamwe nubwihindurize bukomeza bwerekana iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, aya mahame yashyizeho ibipimo byumutekano, kwiringirwa, nubuziranenge mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda. Gutondekanya kuri buri munyururu hamwe nibintu bihuza byerekana uburyo bwuzuye bwafashwe numubiri usanzwe kugirango ukemure sisitemu yuzuye aho kuba ibice byihariye.
Iterambere rikomeje no guhuza amahame ya DIN bizakomeza gushinga inganda zinyuranye ku isi, cyane cyane ko ibisabwa ku mutekano, gukora neza, ndetse n’imikoranire ku isi bigenda byiyongera. Kubaho gukusanyirizwa hamwe bikorwa mu ndimi nyinshi, hamwe no kuvugurura buri gihe ibipimo kugira ngo bigaragaze iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, byemeza ko uru rwego rukomeye rw’ubumenyi bwa tekinike rukomeza kuboneka kandi rufite akamaro ku ba injeniyeri, ababikora, n’inzobere mu bya tekinike ku isi. Mugihe urunigi rushyirwa mubikorwa bishya kandi ibidukikije bikora bikarushaho gukenerwa, urufatiro rukomeye rutangwa nubuziranenge bwa DIN ruzakomeza kuba ingingo yingenzi yo gushushanya, gutoranya, no gushyira mu bikorwa iminyururu ihuza ibyuma n’umuhuza mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-17-2025
