1.Inkuru yumurongo uhuza urunigi rwo gucukura
Kubera ko ingufu z’amakara zigenda ziyongera mu bukungu bw’isi, imashini zicukura amakara zateye imbere byihuse. Nkibikoresho byingenzi byo gucukura amakara yuzuye mu bucukuzi bwamakara, ibice byohereza kuri convoyeur nabyo byateye imbere byihuse. Mu buryo bumwe, iterambere rya scraper convoyeur biterwa niterambere ryaubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye azenguruka ni igice cy'ingenzi cya convoyeur ya convoyeur mu birombe by'amakara. Ubwiza n'imikorere yabyobigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumikorere yibikoresho nibisohoka byamakara.
Gutezimbere ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye cyane cyane akubiyemo ibintu bikurikira: guteza imbere ibyuma byubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ubushyuhe bw’urunigi, kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza ibyuma by’uruziga ingano n’imiterere, imiterere itandukanye ndetse no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rikora urunigi. Bitewe niterambere, imiterere yubukanishi no kwizerwa byaubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agacirobyateye imbere cyane. Ibisobanuro hamwe nubukanishi bwurunigi byakozwe ninganda zikora inganda zateye imbere kwisi zirenze kure ubudage DIN 22252 zikoreshwa cyane kwisi.
Ibyuma byo mu rwego rwo hasi byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu mahanga ahanini byari ibyuma bya karubone ya manganese, hamwe na karubone nkeya, ibirimo ibintu bito bito, gukomera, hamwe na diameter <ø 19mm. Mu myaka ya za 70, marike ya nikel chromium molybdenum ikurikirana ibyuma byo murwego rwohejuru. Ibyuma bisanzwe birimo 23MnNiMoCr52, 23MnNiMoCr64, nibindi. Ibyo byuma bifite gukomera, gusudira nimbaraga no gukomera, kandi birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro munini wa C-urwego. 23MnNiMoCr54 ibyuma byakozwe mu mpera za 1980. Hashingiwe ku byuma bya 23MnNiMoCr64, ibirimo silikoni na manganese byagabanutse kandi ibiri muri chromium na molybdenum byariyongereye. Gukomera kwayo byari byiza kurenza icyuma cya 23MnNiMoCr64. Mu myaka yashize, kubera kunoza uburyo bukenewe bwo kunoza imikorere yuruhererekane rwicyuma cyuzuzanya hamwe no gukomeza kwiyongera kwurunigi bitewe nubucukuzi bwamakara bwakoreshejwe mumabuye y’amakara, amasosiyete amwe y’urunigi yateje imbere ibyiciro bishya by’icyuma, kandi imitungo imwe n'imwe y'ibyiciro bishya by'ibyuma irenga 23MnNiMoCr54. Kurugero, ibyuma "HO" byateguwe nisosiyete yo mu Budage JDT irashobora kongera imbaraga zumunyururu 15% ugereranije nicyuma cya 23MnNiMoCr54.
2.Ubucukuzi bwa serivise yumurongo no gusesengura kunanirwa
2.1 uburyo bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro
Imiterere ya serivise yumurongo uhuza ni: (1) imbaraga zo guhagarika umutima; (2) Umunaniro uterwa n'umutwaro uremereye; . (4) Ruswa iterwa nigikorwa cyamakara yangiritse, ifu yigitare hamwe numwuka mwinshi.
2.2 urunigi rw'amabuye y'agaciro ruhuza isesengura ryananiwe
Uburyo bwo kumena imiyoboro yubucukuzi burashobora kugabanwa mubice: (1) umutwaro wurunigi urenze umutwaro uhagaze, bikavamo kuvunika imburagihe. Ukuvunika ahanini kugaragara mubice bifite inenge byurunigi ruhuza urutugu cyangwa ahantu hagororotse, nko guturika kuva flash butt yo gusudira ubushyuhe bwibasiwe na zone yibikoresho byabigenewe; . Ukuvunika ahanini kugaragara kumuhuza hagati yukuboko kugororotse nu kamba ryurunigi.
Ibisabwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro: (1) kugira ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi munsi y'ibikoresho kimwe; (2) kugira umutwaro uremereye no kuramba neza; (3) kugira deformasiyo ntoya munsi yubushobozi ntarengwa bwo gupakira kugirango menye neza; (4) kugira imbaraga z'umunaniro mwinshi; (5) kugira imyambarire myinshi; (6) kugira ubukana bukabije no kwinjiza neza imitwaro yingaruka; (7) ibipimo bya geometrike kugirango bihuze igishushanyo.
3.Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Gusudira no gutunganya ubushyuhe ninzira zingenzi mugukora ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwibicuruzwa. Ibipimo byo gusudira bya siyansi birashobora kuzamura umusaruro no kugabanya igiciro cy'umusaruro; uburyo bukwiye bwo kuvura ubushyuhe burashobora gutanga umukino wuzuye kubintu bifatika no kuzamura ibicuruzwa.
Kugirango hamenyekane ubuziranenge bwo gusudira mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, gusudira intoki arc no gusudira buto yo gusudira byavanyweho. Feld butt gusudira ikoreshwa cyane kubera ibyiza byayo nkurwego rwo hejuru rwo kwikora, imbaraga nke zumurimo nubwiza bwibicuruzwa bihamye.
Kugeza ubu, ubushyuhe bwo gutunganya ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri rusange bifata ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwo gushyushya, guhora kuzimya no gushyuha. Intangiriro yo gushyushya induction yo hagati ni uko imiterere ya molekuline yikintu ikangurwa munsi yumurima wa electromagnetique, molekile zikabona ingufu zigahura kugirango zitange ubushyuhe. Mugihe cyo kuvura ubushyuhe buciriritse, inductor ihujwe na AC yo hagati ya AC yumurongo runaka, kandi urunigi ruhuza umuvuduko umwe muri inductor. Muri ubu buryo, umuyoboro uterwa ninshuro imwe nicyerekezo kinyuranyo nkuko inductor izabyara mumurongo uhuza urunigi, kugirango ingufu zamashanyarazi zishobora guhinduka ingufu zubushyuhe, kandi imiyoboro yumunyururu irashobora gushyukwa nubushyuhe bukenewe kugirango uzimye kandi ushushe mugihe gito.
Ubushyuhe bwo hagati bwa induction ubushyuhe bufite umuvuduko mwinshi na okiside nkeya. Nyuma yo kuzimya, imiterere myiza yo kuzimya hamwe nubunini bwa austenite irashobora kuboneka, bitezimbere imbaraga nubukomezi bwurunigi. Muri icyo gihe, ifite kandi ibyiza byo kugira isuku, isuku, guhinduka byoroshye no gukora neza. Mu cyiciro cyubushyuhe, urunigi ruhuza urudodo runyura mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi rukuraho umubare munini wokuzimya imihangayiko yimbere mugihe gito, ibyo bikaba bifite ingaruka zikomeye mugutezimbere plastike nubukomere bwakarere ka gusudira no gutinda gutangiza no guteza imbere ibice. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hejuru yurunigi ruhuza urutugu ruri hasi, kandi rufite ubukana bwinshi nyuma yubushyuhe, bufasha kwambara umurongo wumunyururu mugihe cyakazi, ni ukuvuga kwambara hagati yumunyururu no guhuza imiyoboro ihuza urunigi nu mugozi.
4. Umwanzuro
. Kugeza ubu, amanota mashya kandi yemewe yatanzwe.
. Gushyira mu gaciro no kugenzura neza tekinoroji yo kuvura ubushyuhe ni urufunguzo rwo kunoza imiterere yimikorere. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwo gutunganya ubucukuzi bwahindutse tekinoroji yibanze y'abakora urunigi.
. Iterambere nogutezimbere bikorwa hakurikijwe ibyavuye mu isesengura ry’imihindagurikire y’urunigi kandi hashingiwe ko ingufu z’ibikoresho byo gucukura amakara bigomba kongerwa kandi ikibanza cyo munsi y’ubucukuzi bw’amakara kikaba gito.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-22-2021
