Mu gihe inganda za sima zikora ibintu byinshi, ascenseur zikoresha amabake ntabwo zishingira gusa ku minyururu ikomeye ihuza uruziga ahubwo zishingira no ku minyururu y'ingenzi ihuza iminyururu n'amabake. Izi ascenseur, akenshi zikurikiza amahame ya DIN 745 na DIN 5699, ni ibiraro by'imashini bivana imbaraga zo guterura iminyururu mu mabake zijya mu mabake zitwara ibikoresho byo kwangirika nka clinker, limestone, n'ifu mbisi.
Abayobozi b'inganda nka RUD, CICSA, na Heko bamaze igihe kinini bihariye muri ibi bice by’ikoranabuhanga, bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gutunganya ibyuma no kuvura ubushyuhe kugira ngo bongere igihe cyo gukora mu bihe bikomeye cyane.
Imiterere n'Imikoreshereze Isanzwe
Amabwiriza abiri y'ingenzi agenga urwego rwa sima ni yo ayobora inganda z'isima:
- Imishumi ya DIN 745ifite umubiri wakozwe mu bwoko bwa U ufite icyuma gikozwe mu ntera n'intungamubiri, byagenewe ascenseur zo hagati zikoreshwa mu buryo rusange, zifite umutwaro munini. Izi connectors zifata indobo ku migozi y'umunyururu.
- Iminyururu ya DIN 5699Bitanga ishusho igororotse kandi ifite imiterere mito, ifite imigozi miremire ituma amasahani y'intera ashyirwa hagati y'indobo n'umunyururu. Iyi miterere itanga umutekano mwiza mu mikorere no kunoza uburyo bwo kuvura no kwihanganira umunaniro ugereranije na DIN 745, bigatuma zikoreshwa neza mu gushyira intera iri hagati y'indobo n'ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byagabanijweho umurambararo wa PCD.
Amabwiriza yombi yagenewe gukora neza hamwe n'imigozi y'urunigi ijyanye na DIN 764 na DIN 766.
Uburyo bwo Guhitamo Ibikoresho no Gutunganya
Bitandukanye n'uko byafunzweiminyururu y'uruziga, ibihuzaIfite igishushanyo mbonera gifunguye gifite agapira gashobora gukurwaho, bigatuma habaho aho umuntu ashobora kwibasirwa n’imihangayiko. Kugira ngo ibi bibe byakemuka, ibikoresho byo guhuza ibintu byiza bikorerwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gucukura amatonyanga hakoreshejwe ibyuma bya alloy bifite ubuziranenge. Ibikoresho bisanzwe birimo icyuma cya 45# gishobora kuvurwa n’ubushyuhe, Cr-Mo (chromium-molybdenum), na Cr-Ni-Mo (chromium-nickel-molybdenum). Ingano y’ibikoresho isabwa niyo igena amahitamo yihariye y’icyuma cya alloy. Gucukura amatonyanga bihuza urujya n’uruza rw’ibice by’ibikoresho, bikongera cyane ubushobozi bwo kurwanya umunaniro mu gihe cy’imitwaro ihoraho yo gukurura no kubangamira ibikorwa by’inganda za sima.
Gukomeza no kugenzura ubuziranenge by'ibintu mu buryo bw'ingenzi
Kugira ngo abakora ibikoresho bihuza ibikoresho bigire ubushobozi bwo kudashira nk'uko bimeze ku bikoresho bizunguruka bya kaburimbo, abakora ibikoresho bikomeye mu nganda bakoresha uburyo bwihariye bwo gukomeretsa ibikoresho aho bihurira n'urunigi. Ibi bishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira:
- Ibikoresho bikomereye impande / bikomereye induction: Bikomereye mu buryo bunyura mu buryo bunyura mu buryo bugera ku mbaraga zo gukurura zigera kuri 950–1100 N/mm², hamwe no gukomera kw'ibicuruzwa ku ngingo zihuza aho bihurira bigera ku gukomera k'ubuso bwa nibura 600 HV1 (55HRC).
- Ibikoresho byo guhuza ibikoresho byakuwe mu gasanduku/kaburimbo: Ku bikoresho bikomeye cyane byo gukurura, abakora ibikoresho nka Pewag batanga uburyo bwo kongera gukurura ibikoresho, bigatuma ubuso bukomera bwa 750 HV1 cyangwa burenga aho bihurira.
Ibipimo by'ingenzi byo kugenzura ubuziranenge byagaragajwe n'inganda zikomeye birimo uburebure bwo gukomera (≥0.1 × d), ubukana bw'ubuso (uburemere bwa 600–750 HV1), hamwe n'imbaraga zo gupima no gucikamo ibice zingana cyangwa zirenze iz'imigozi minini ihuye nayo. Gupima neza ubuziranenge bw'ubuso n'ibipimo byo kuvura ubushyuhe bitanga ubushobozi bwo kudakomeza umunaniro mu byiciro byose by'umusaruro.
Ibibazo by'Imikorere n'Isimburwa
Nubwo imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ikorwa kandi igakomera kugira ngo yegere imbaraga z'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, ikomeza kuba ahantu hadakomeye muri sisitemu bitewe n'imiterere yayo ifunguye n'ibifunga bifite imigozi. Agace k'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi gahuza umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi n'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni hamwe mu hantu hakomeye cyane muri sisitemu yose y'ameza, bigatuma ikunda kwangirika, kunanirwa gucika, no kurekura utubuto mu gihe cy'ihindagurika rihoraho.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gutsindwa burimo:
- Kwangirika k'ubuso: Gushwanyagurika ku ngingo zihuza, bigabanya agace gahuza ibice neza
- Gucika intege: Imihangayiko itera imivuniko ku bice by'imihangayiko, ikomeza kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita kugeza igihe ivunitse.
- Gufunga ibipfunyika: Gufunga ibipfunyika biterwa no kuzunguruka kw'ibipfunyika, akenshi bigabanywa no kwifunga ubwabyo cyangwa imashini zisuka amazi
Kugira ngo bigabanye ibi byago, imiyoboro ifite insinga igomba gufatwa neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo kuziba, kandi ibyuma bipima intera bigomba gushyirwaho neza. Gukoresha ibikoresho byifungirana hamwe no kudahindagurika kw'ihindagurika ry'ikirere n'ubushyuhe ni ingenzi mu miterere y'igihe kirekire kugira ngo akazi kayo karambe.
Ubunararibonye mu nganda bugaragaza ko nubwo umugozi ubwawo ushobora kugira igihe cyo gukora gipimirwa mu matoni ibihumbi amagana yoherezwa, imigozi n'ibihuza bishobora gukenera gusimburwa mbere cyane. Amakuru amwe agaragaza ko imigozi ishobora gukenera gusimburwa nyuma y'uko toni zigera ku 400.000 z'ibikoresho byafashwe, bikaba ari amahirwe y'ingirakamaro ku nganda yo gutegura uburyo bwo kubungabunga no kugabanya ibyago byo kudakora neza mu gihe kitateganijwe.
Ibihuza urunigi rw'uruzigani ibintu byakozwe mu buryo bw’ubwubatsi—bifunguye mu buryo bw’imiterere ariko bisabwa kwihanganira imiterere ikaze, imitwaro ihindagurika, n’ibidukikije bikomeye nk’ibifunga bihuriraho. Binyuze mu gucura neza, guhitamo ibikoresho neza, no gukomeretsa isanduku (carburizing) ahantu hahurira, inganda zikomeye nka RUD, CICSA, na Heko zikora imiyoboro itanga imikorere yizewe munsi y’ibisabwa bikomeye kandi bihoraho bya elevators z’ingobo za sima. Gusuzuma buri gihe uko ibintu byangiritse mu duce duhuriraho, kugenzura umutekano w’ibifunga, no gusimbuza ku gihe hashingiwe ku ngano ya toni ni ibintu by’ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byangirika cyane no kongera igihe cyo gukora kwa sisitemu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-24-2026
