Ingamba zo gucunga urunigi rwa AFC zongerera ubuzima kandi zikarinda igihe cyateganijwe
Urunigiirashobora gukora cyangwa kumena ibikorwa. Mugihe ibirombe byinshi birebire bikoresha urunigi rwa mm 42 cyangwa hejuru yabyo hejuru yintwaro zabo (AFCs), ibirombe byinshi bikora mm-48 na bimwe bikora urunigi runini nka mm 65. Ibipimo binini birashobora kwagura ubuzima bwumunyururu. Abakoresha Longwall bakunze kwitega kurenga toni miliyoni 11 zifite ubunini bwa mm 48 na toni miliyoni 20 hamwe na mm 65 za mm 65 mbere yuko urunigi ruva muri komisiyo. Urunigi muri bunini bunini ruhenze ariko birakwiye niba panne yose cyangwa ebyiri zose zishobora gucukurwa nta kuzimya kubera kunanirwa kwumunyururu. Ariko, niba iminyururu ibaye kubera imiyoborere mibi, gufata nabi, kugenzura nabi, cyangwa bitewe n’ibidukikije bishobora gutera ihungabana (SCC), ikirombe gihura n’ibibazo bikomeye. Muri ibi bihe, igiciro cyishyuwe kuri urwo ruhererekane gihinduka akajagari.
Niba umukoresha muremure adakoresha urunigi rwiza rushoboka kugirango ikirombe kibe, ihagarikwa rimwe ritateganijwe rishobora guhanagura byoroshye amafaranga yose yazigamye yabonetse mugihe cyo kugura. None umukoresha muremure agomba gukora iki? Bagomba kwitondera cyane imiterere yihariye yurubuga bagahitamo urunigi neza. Urunigi rumaze kugurwa, bakeneye gukoresha igihe n'amafaranga akenewe kugirango bashobore gucunga neza ishoramari. Ibi birashobora kwishyura inyungu zikomeye.
Kuvura ubushyuhe birashobora kongera imbaraga zumunyururu, kugabanya ubukana bwacyo, kugabanya imihangayiko yimbere, kongera imbaraga zo kwambara, cyangwa kunoza imikorere yumunyururu. Kuvura ubushyuhe byahindutse ibihangano byiza kandi biratandukanye kubabikora n'ababikora. Ikigamijwe ni ukubona impuzandengo yumutungo wibyuma kugirango uhuze neza nibikorwa byibicuruzwa. Urunigi rukomeye rutandukanye ni bumwe mu buhanga buhanitse bukoreshwa na Parsons Chain aho ikamba ryurunigi rihuza bigoye gukomeza kunanirwa kwambara namaguru niba amasano yoroshye mugukomeza gukomera no guhindagurika muri serivisi.
Ubukomezi nubushobozi bwo kurwanya kwambara kandi bugaragazwa numubare ukomeye wa Brinell ukoresheje ikimenyetso HB cyangwa numero ya Vickers (HB). Ubunini bwa Vickers buragereranijwe rwose, kubwibyo ibikoresho bya 800 HV bikubye inshuro umunani umuntu ufite ubukana bwa 100 HV. Itanga rero igipimo cyumvikana cyo gukomera kuva cyoroshye kugeza kubintu bikomeye. Kubijyanye no gukomera gukomeye, bigera kuri 300, ibisubizo bya Vickers na Brinell birasa nkaho ari bimwe, ariko kubiciro byisumbuyeho ibisubizo bya Brinell biri hasi kubera kugoreka umupira.
Ikizamini cya Charpy Ingaruka ni igipimo cyubugome bwibintu bishobora kuboneka mubizamini byingaruka. Ihuza ry'urunigi ryerekanwe ku cyerekezo cyo gusudira ku murongo hanyuma kigashyirwa mu nzira ya pendulum izunguruka, imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo zimenagurike urugero zapimwe no kugabanuka kwa swing ya pendulum.
Abakora urunigi benshi babika metero nkeya kuri buri cyiciro kugirango bemererwe ibizamini byangiza. Ibisubizo byuzuye byikizamini hamwe na seritifika mubisanzwe bitangwa numurongo usanzwe woherezwa muri metero 50 zahujwe. Kurambura imbaraga zipimisha no kurambura rwose kuvunika nabyo byafashwe muriki kizamini cyangiza.
Urunigi rwiza
Ikintu nuguhuza ibyo byose biranga kugirango habeho urunigi rwiza, rurimo imikorere ikurikira:
• Imbaraga zo hejuru;
• Kurwanya cyane kwambara imbere;
• Kurwanya cyane ibyangiritse;
• Kurwanya cyane kumeneka ya martensitike;
• Kunoza ubukana;
• Kongera ubuzima bw'umunaniro; na
• Kurwanya SCC.
Ariko, nta gisubizo kiboneye, gusa ubwumvikane butandukanye. Umusaruro mwinshi uzavamo guhangayika cyane, niba bifitanye isano nuburemere bukabije bwo kongera imyambarire, bizanagabanya ubukana no kurwanya ruswa.
Ababikora bahora baharanira guteza imbere urunigi ruzakora igihe kirekire kandi rukarokoka ibihe bigoye. Bamwe mubakora inganda zishimangira urunigi kugirango bakemure ibidukikije byangirika. Ubundi buryo ni COR-X urunigi, ikozwe muri vanadium yemewe, nikel, chromium, na molybdenum alloy irwanya SCC. Igituma iki gisubizo kidasanzwe nuko imiterere yo kurwanya ruswa ishobora kuba imwe murwego rwimiterere ya metallurgjique kandi imikorere yayo ntabwo ihinduka uko urunigi rwambara. COR-X yerekanye ko yongera ubuzima bwurunigi cyane mubidukikije byangirika kandi bikuraho rwose kunanirwa bitewe no kwangirika. Ibizamini byagaragaje ko imbaraga zo kumena no gukora zongerewe 10%. Ingaruka zidasanzwe ziyongereyeho 40% naho kurwanya SCC byiyongereyeho 350% ugereranije numurongo usanzwe (DIN 22252).
Hariho aho urunigi rwa COR-X 48 mm rwakoresheje toni miliyoni 11 nta kunanirwa bifitanye isano numurongo mbere yo gusezererwa. Kandi uburyo bwa mbere bwa OEM Broadband bwashizweho na Joy ku kirombe cya BHP Billiton San Juan cyayoboye urunigi rwa Parsons COR-X rwakozwe mu Bwongereza, bivugwa ko rwatwaye toni zigera kuri miliyoni 20 mu maso mu buzima bwarwo.
Hindura Urunigi rwo Kwagura Urunigi Ubuzima
Impamvu nyamukuru yo kwambara urunigi ni ukugenda kwa buri murongo uhagaritse uzenguruka uhuza utambitse utambitse nkuko winjiye ugasiga ikinyabiziga. Ibi kandi biganisha ku kwambara cyane mu ndege imwe ihuza nkuko bizunguruka mu masoko, bityo rero bumwe mu buryo bukomeye bwo kwagura ubuzima bwurunigi rwakoreshejwe ni ukuzunguruka, cyangwa kuyihindura 180º kugirango ikore urunigi mu cyerekezo gitandukanye . Ibi bizashyira ubuso "budakoreshwa" bwihuza kumurimo kandi bikavamo ahantu hatagaragara kwambara kandi ibyo bihwanye nubuzima burebure.
Gutwara ibintu bitaringaniye kuri convoyeur, kubera impamvu zinyuranye, birashobora gutuma kwambara bitaringaniye kuminyururu yombi bigatuma urunigi rumwe rwihuta kurenza urundi. Kwambara kutaringaniye cyangwa kurambura haba muri yombi cyangwa byombi muminyururu ibiri nkuko bishobora kubaho hamwe ninteko zimpande zombi zishobora gutera indege zidahuye, cyangwa zidaturutse mugihe bazenguruka ikinyabiziga. Ibi birashobora kandi guterwa numwe muminyururu ibiri ihinduka ubunebwe. Ibi bitaringaniye bizagutera ibibazo byimikorere, kimwe no gutera kwambara cyane kandi byangirika kuri disiki ya disiki.
Guhagarika Sisitemu
Gahunda yo guhagarika no gufata neza irakenewe kugirango harebwe niba nyuma yo kwishyiriraho igipimo cyo kwambara cyumunyururu kigenzurwa niminyururu yombi irambuye kubera kwambara ku kigero cyagenzuwe kandi kigereranywa.
Muri gahunda yo kubungabunga, abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bazapima imyenda yumunyururu kimwe nimpagarara, basimbuze urunigi iyo rumaze kurenga 3%. Kugirango ushimishe icyo urwego rwimyambarire isobanura mubyukuri, twakwibuka ko mumaso ya metero 200 z'uburebure, kwambara urunigi rwa 3% bisobanura kwiyongera k'uburebure bwa m 12 kuri buri murongo. Abakozi bashinzwe gufata neza bazasimbuza no kugemura no gusubiza amasoko hamwe na stripers nkuko byambarwa cyangwa byangiritse, gusuzuma garebox nu rwego rwamavuta hanyuma urebe neza ko mugihe gito, ko bolts zifunze.
Hariho uburyo bunoze bwo kubara urwego rwukuri rwo kwitwaza kandi ibi birerekana ko ari ubuyobozi bwingirakamaro kubiciro byambere. Nyamara, uburyo bwizewe cyane nukwitegereza urunigi nkuko ruva mumashanyarazi mugihe AFC ikora mumitwaro yuzuye. Urunigi rugomba kugaragara nkaho rwerekana byibuze ubunebwe (amahuza abiri) nkuko rwambuye ikinyabiziga. Iyo urwego nkurwo ruriho kwiyitirira bigomba gupimwa, kwandikwa no gushyirwaho ejo hazaza nkurwego rukora kuri iyo sura yihariye. Gusoma mbere yo guhagarika umutima bigomba gufatwa buri gihe kandi umubare wibihuza wakuweho ukandikwa. Ibi bizatanga integuza hakiri kare yo gutangira kwambara gutandukanye cyangwa kwambara cyane.
Indege yunamye igomba kugororwa cyangwa guhinduka bidatinze. Bagabanya imikorere ya convoyeur kandi birashobora gutuma akabari kamanuka mumarushanwa yo hasi hanyuma bagasimbukira kumasoko bigatuma byangiza iminyururu yombi, isoko, hamwe nindege.
Abakora Longwall bagomba gukomeza kuba maso kubantu bambaye imyenda yangiritse kandi yangiritse kuko bashobora kwemerera urunigi rugufi kuguma mumasoko kandi ibyo bishobora kuviramo kwangirika no kwangirika.
Gucunga urunigi bitangira mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho
Gukenera umurongo mwiza ugororotse ntushobora gushimangirwa. Gutandukana kwose guhuza isura birashoboka ko bivamo kwitandukanya hagati yumunyururu wo mumaso na gob-uruhande biganisha ku kwambara kutaringaniye. Ibi birashoboka cyane kugaragara mumaso mashya yashizweho mugihe iminyururu inyura mugihe cyo "kuryama".
Iyo imyambarire itandukanye imaze gushingwa ntibishoboka rwose gukosorwa. Kenshi na kenshi itandukaniro rikomeje kwiyongera hamwe numunyururu ucuramye wambaye kugirango habeho ubunebwe.
Ingaruka mbi zo kwiruka hamwe numurongo utameze neza uganisha ku guhinduka gukabije kuruhande rwo kwiyitirira kuruhande bigaragazwa no gusuzuma imibare. Nkurugero, uburebure bwa metero 1.000 hamwe na 42-mm ya AFC urunigi rufite amahuza agera kuri 4000 kuruhande. Kwemera ko gukuraho kwambara-gukuramo ibyuma bibera kumpera zombi zihuza. Urunigi rufite ingingo 8000 aho icyuma cyambarwa nigitutu cyo guhuza imiyoboro uko igenda kandi uko kinyeganyeza mumaso, bikagira imitwaro iremereye cyangwa bigakorwa nigitero cyangirika. Kubwibyo, kuri buri 1 / 1.000-yimyenda yo kwambara dukora santimetero 8 zo kwiyongera muburebure. Itandukaniro rito hagati yimyambarire yo mumaso na gob-kuruhande, bizanwa nubushyamirane butaringaniye, bigwira byihuse guhinduka kwinshi muburebure bwurunigi.
Kubabarira kabiri kumasoko icyarimwe birashobora gutuma wambara bidakwiriye umwirondoro w amenyo. Ibi biterwa no gutakaza ahantu heza muri disiki ya disiki yemerera guhuza kunyerera kumenyo yo gutwara. Iki gikorwa cyo kunyerera kigabanya umurongo kandi nanone cyongera igipimo cyo kwambara kumenyo ya spock. Iyo bimaze gushyirwaho nkimyambarire, birashobora kwihuta gusa. Ku kimenyetso cya mbere cyo guca umurongo, amasoko agomba gusuzumwa no gusimburwa niba bikenewe, mbere yuko ibyangiritse bisenya urunigi.
Kwiyitirira umunyururu muremure cyane bizanatera kwambara cyane kumurongo no kumasoko. Urunigi rwitondewe rugomba gushyirwaho kubiciro bibuza kurema urunigi rwinshi munsi yumutwaro wuzuye. Ibihe nkibi bizemerera utubari twa scraper "kuzimya" hamwe ningaruka zo kwangirika kumurizo wumurizo uterwa no gufunga urunigi nkuko biva mumasoko. Niba kwiyitirira byashyizwe hejuru cyane hari ingaruka ebyiri zigaragara: gukabya guhuza imiyoboro ikabije kumurongo, hamwe no gukabya gukabije kuri spockets.
Umuhengeri Ukabije Ushobora kuba Umwicanyi
Icyifuzo rusange ni ugukoresha urunigi cyane. Intego igomba kuba kugenzura buri gihe kwiyitirira no gukuraho urunigi ruciriritse kubintu bibiri byiyongera. Imirongo irenga ibiri yerekana ko urunigi rwatinze cyane cyangwa kuvanaho imiyoboro ine byatera hejuru kwiyitirira bitera kwambara cyane kandi bikagabanya cyane ubuzima bwurunigi.
Dufashe ko guhuza isura ari byiza, agaciro ko kwitwaza kuruhande rumwe ntigomba kurenza agaciro kurundi ruhande kurenza toni imwe. Gucunga neza isura bigomba kwemeza ko itandukaniro iryo ariryo ryose rishobora gufatwa kuri toni zirenze ebyiri mubuzima bwimikorere.
Ubwiyongere bw'uburebure bitewe no kwambara guhuza (rimwe na rimwe byitwa nabi "kurambura urunigi") birashobora kwemererwa kugera kuri 2% kandi bigakomeza gukoreshwa n'amasoko mashya.
Urwego rwo kwambara guhuza ntabwo ari ikibazo niba urunigi na spockets byambara hamwe bityo bikagumana guhuza. Ariko, kwambara guhuza bituma kugabanuka kwiminyururu kumeneka imitwaro no kurwanya imitwaro.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo gupima imyenda ihuza ni ugukoresha Caliper, gupima ibice bitanu byikibanza no gukoresha imbonerahamwe ndende. Iminyururu muri rusange yafatwa kugirango isimburwe mugihe kwambara guhuza kurenze 3%. Bamwe mubashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije ntibakunda kubona urunigi rwabo rurenze 2%.
Gucunga neza urunigi bitangirira kurwego rwo kwishyiriraho. Gukurikirana cyane hamwe nibikosorwa nibikenewe mugihe cyo kuryama mugihe bizafasha kurinda ubuzima burebure kandi bubi.
(TuyikeshaEllton Longwall)
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-26-2022