Incamake
Mu buryo bwo gukuramo amabuye y’agaciro bwa kabiri buzwi nka longwall mining, ubuso burebure bw’amabuye y’agaciro (ubusanzwe buri hagati ya metero 100 na 300 ariko bushobora kuba burebure) bukorwa binyuze mu kuyobora umuhanda mu nguni iburyo hagati y’imihanda ibiri igize impande z’umuhanda w’inkuta, hamwe n’urubavu rumwe rw’uyu muhanda mushya rukora ubuso bw’inkuta ndende. Iyo ibikoresho by’inkuta ndende bimaze gushyirwaho, amakara ashobora gukurwa mu burebure bwose bw’isura mu bice by’ubugari runaka (byitwa "urusobe" rw’amakara). Ubuso bw’inkuta ndende bugezweho bushyigikiwe n’inkunga zikoreshwa n’amazi kandi izi nkunga zigenda zimurwa buhoro buhoro kugira ngo zishyigikire isura nshya yakuwemo uko ibice bifatwa, bigatuma igice aho amakara yari yaracukuwe mbere kandi agashyigikirwa gisenyuka (kiba nk’ikirundo). Iyi gahunda ikomeza gusubirwamo, urubuga ku rundi, bityo igakuraho burundu uruziga rw’amakara, uburebure bw’urukuta bitewe n’ibintu byinshi (reba inyandiko zikurikira)
Uburyo bwo gutwara amakara bushyirwa ku ruhande rw'imbere, ku mpande za none hashyirwaho "umuyoboro w'ibyuma cyangwa AFC". Imihanda igize impande z'aka gace yitwa "imihanda y'irembo". Umuhanda ushyirwamo umuyoboro munini witwa "irembo rikuru" (cyangwa "irembo rikuru"), naho umuhanda uri ku rundi ruhande witwa "irembo ry'inyuma" (cyangwa "irembo ry'inyuma").
Ibyiza byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro mu nkuta ugereranije n'ubundi buryo bwo gucukura inkingi ni ibi bikurikira:
• Inkunga zihoraho zikenewe gusa mu gice cya mbere cy'imirimo no mu gihe cyo gushyiraho no gusana. Izindi nkunga zo ku gisenge (inkuta ndende cyangwa ingabo ku nkuta ndende zigezweho) zimurwa zigashyirwa ahandi hamwe n'ibikoresho byo mu maso.
• Kugarura umutungo ni byinshi cyane - mu by’ukuri 100% by’amakara acukurwa, nubwo mu by’ukuri buri gihe hari amakara yamenetse cyangwa akameneka ava mu buryo bwo gutwara amakara ajugunywa mu ijosi, cyane cyane iyo hari amazi menshi ku maso.
• Sisitemu zo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ya Longwall zishobora gutanga umusaruro ugaragara uturutse ku buso bumwe bw'amabuye y'agaciro - miliyoni 8 z'amatoni ku mwaka cyangwa arenga.
• Iyo ikora neza, amakara acukurwa mu buryo bunoze, buhora kandi busubiramo ibintu, bikaba byiza mu kugenzura imiterere y'amakaro no mu bikorwa bifitanye isano n'ubucukuzi.
• Ikiguzi cy'abakozi/toni zikorwa ni gito ugereranyije
Imbogamizi ni izi:
• Hari ikiguzi cy’imari shingiro kiri hejuru ku bikoresho, nubwo bishoboka ko kitari hejuru nkuko bigaragara mbere ugereranije n’umubare w’abacukuzi bahoraho baba basabwa kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kuba umwe.
• Ibikorwa biba byibanda cyane ("amagi yose mu gitebo kimwe")
• Inkuta nini ntizihinduka cyane kandi "ntizibabarira" - ntizikemura neza ibibazo byo kugongana kw'imigozi; imihanda yo mu marembo igomba kugezwa ku rwego rwo hejuru bitabaye ibyo hazabaho ibibazo; imiterere myiza ikunze guterwa n'umusaruro uhoraho, bityo ibibazo bitera gutinda bishobora kwiyongera mu bikorwa bikomeye.
• Kubera ko inkuta ndende zidatanga imbabazi, abakozi bafite ubunararibonye ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibikorwa bigende neza.
Icyemezo gikomeye kigomba gufatwa ni ingano y'ibiti birebire. Kubera ko ibiti birebire bigezweho bikoresha ibikoresho byinshi (umubare w'ibintu amagana menshi, hamwe n'ibice byinshi bipima toni 30 cyangwa zirenga), inzira yo kugarura ibikoresho mu gice cyuzuye, kubijyana mu gice gishya hanyuma ukabishyira mu gice gishya (akenshi byinshi bikurwa mu kirombe kugira ngo bivugururwe mu nzira) ni igikorwa gikomeye cyane. Uretse ikiguzi cy'ingenzi, umusaruro bityo n'amafaranga yinjira ni zeru muri iki gihe. Ibikoresho birebire birebire bizatuma umubare w'abimukira ugabanuka, ariko hari ibintu bibangamira ingano y'ibiti birebire:
• Uko isura iba ndende niko ingufu nyinshi zikenerwa kuri sisitemu yo gutwara amakara yo mu maso (reba inyandiko zikurikira kuri AFC). Uko ingufu ziba nyinshi, niko ingano ifatika y'ibikoresho byo gutwara amakara iba nini (ubusanzwe hari igice cyo gutwara amakara ku mpera zombi z'isura). Ibikoresho byo gutwara amakara bigomba kwinjira mu icukurwa kandi bigatanga umwanya wo kubinyuramo, kugira ngo umwuka uhumeke mu maso no kugira ngo igisenge gifunge neza. Nanone kandi, uko imbaraga ziba nyinshi, niko imbaraga ziba nini (kandi ziremereye).imiyoboro y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciroku gikoresho cyo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro - iyi minyururu y'icyuma izengurutse igomba gufatwa n'abantu ku maso rimwe na rimwe kandi hari imbogamizi zifatika ku bunini bw'iminyururu yo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.
• Mu bikoresho bimwe na bimwe byo gushyiramo inkuta ndende, ubushyuhe buterwa n'ibikoresho bitwara imizigo bifite imbaraga nyinshi bushobora kuba ikibazo.
• Ubugari bw'ubuso n'uburebure byombi bishobora kugengwa n'imbogamizi ziterwa n'imipaka y'ubukode, kutumvikana cyangwa impinduka, iterambere ry'ibirombe n'ubushobozi bwo guhumeka.
• Ubushobozi bw'ikirombe bwo gukora ibiti bishya by'inkuta ndende kugira ngo umusaruro ukomeze kuzamuka utazagira ingaruka mbi.
• Imiterere y'ibikoresho - guhindura ibintu bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo bivugururwe cyangwa bisimbuzwe mu gihe cy'ubuzima bw'inkuta ndende bishobora guteza ikibazo, kandi ni byiza kubikora mu gihe cyo kwimuka.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 27 Nzeri 2022
