Amabwiriza n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'inganda ku minyururu yo gutwara ibintu n'iminyururu ihambiriye bishimangira umutekano, ubwizerwe, kandi bikurikiza ibisabwa n'amategeko.
Amahame y'ingenzi
- EN 12195-3: Iri hame rigaragaza ibisabwa ku minyururu ikoreshwa mu gutwara imizigo mu muhanda. Rikubiyemo imiterere, imikorere, n'igeragezwa ry'iminyururu, harimo n'umutwaro wayo ucika, ubushobozi bwo kuyihambira, n'ibisabwa mu gushyira ibimenyetso.
- AS/NZS 4344: Iri hame ritanga amabwiriza yo kugenzura imitwaro ku binyabiziga byo mu muhanda, harimo no gukoresha iminyururu ihambiriye. Rigaragaza umutwaro ntarengwa wo gucika n'ubushobozi bwo gufunga iminyururu ikoreshwa mu gufata imizigo.
- ISO 9001:2015: Nubwo atari umwihariko w’uruhererekane rw’ubwikorezi, iri hame ry’imicungire y’ubuziranenge ryemeza ko abakora ibicuruzwa bakurikiza amahame yo hejuru mu gukora no gutanga serivisi.
- ISO 45001: 2018: Iri hame ryibanda ku buryo bwo gucunga ubuzima n'umutekano mu kazi, rigatuma habaho umutekano mu kazi mu nganda no mu micungire y'imiyoboro y'ubwikorezi.
Ibisobanuro
- Umutwaro wo gucika: Umutwaro muto wo gucika w'umunyururu, ari na wo mbaraga ntarengwa umunyururu ushobora kwihanganira mbere yo gucika.
- Ubushobozi bwo gufunga: Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'umunyururu neza, ubusanzwe kimwe cya kabiri cy'umutwaro muto wo gucika.
- Ikimenyetso: Iminyururu igomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso gisobanutse neza kigaragaza ubushobozi bwayo bwo gufunga, umutwaro wayo wo kumenagura, n'andi makuru ajyanye nayo.
- Igenzura: Igenzura ry’iminyururu rya buri gihe rikenewe kugira ngo harebwe niba yangiritse, yangiritse cyangwa yangiritse. Iminyururu ntigomba gukoreshwa niba irengeje uburebure bwa 3%.
- Ibikoresho byo Guhagarika Umuvuduko: Iminyururu igomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho byo guhagarara nk'imivuduko ya ratchet cyangwa turnbuckle kugira ngo ikomeze gukomera neza mu gihe cyo gutwara.
Izi ngingo n'ibipimo bifasha kwemeza ko iminyururu yo gutwara imizigo n'iminyururu yo gufunga imizigo bikoreshwa mu mutekano no mu buryo bwiza kugira ngo imizigo ihambire neza mu gihe cyo kuyitwara.
Ukurikije izi ntambwe, ushobora kubika neza imizigo mu makamyo y'amakamyo, ukagira ubwikorezi bwiza kandi butekanye.
1. Imyiteguro:
- Suzuma iminyururu: Mbere yo kuyikoresha, banza urebe niba hari ibimenyetso byo kwangirika, kurekura cyangwa kwangirika. Iminyururu ntigomba gukoreshwa niba yashaje cyane (irenze 3% by'uburebure).
- Kugenzura Umuzigo: Menya neza ko umuzigo utunganijwe neza kandi uringaniye mu ikamyo
2. Guhagarika:
- Imiterere idahinduka yo kuziba: Koresha imiterere idahinduka yo kuziba nk'imitwe y'imodoka, imitako y'imodoka, n'ibikingi kugira ngo wirinde ko umutwaro ukomeza kujya imbere cyangwa inyuma.
- Amasashe yo mu bwoko bwa Dunnage: Koresha amasashe yo mu bwoko bwa Dunnage cyangwa uduce duto kugira ngo wuzuze imyanda no gutanga ubufasha bw'inyongera.
3. Gukubita umuntu ku ngufu:
- Gushyira imishumi hejuru y'inyuma: Shyira imishumi ku nguni ya 30-60° ku gitanda cyo hejuru. Ubu buryo ni ingirakamaro mu gukumira kugwa no kunyerera.
- Gufunga imigozi: Koresha imigozi ibiri kuri buri gice kugira ngo wirinde ko igenda ku ruhande. Ku bikoresho birebire by'imizigo, koresha nibura imigozi ibiri kugira ngo wirinde kuzunguruka.
- Gufata imishumi mu buryo bugororotse: Shyira imishumi ku nguni ya 30-60° ku gitanda cy'urukuta. Ubu buryo burakwiriye mu gufata imizigo mu buryo burambuye no mu ruhande.
- Gufata imishumi y'impeshyi: Koresha imishumi y'impeshyi kugira ngo wirinde ko ijya imbere cyangwa inyuma. Inguni iri hagati y'imishumi n'igitanda cyo ku rukuta igomba kuba ntarengwa ya 45°.
4. Guhangayika:
- Uburyo bwo gukamura imigozi cyangwa gukamura imigozi: Koresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo gukamura imigozi kugira ngo ukomeze gukamura imigozi. Menya neza ko igikoresho cyo gukamura imigozi gishobora gukumira gukanguka mu gihe cyo gutwara.
- Gukuraho nyuma yo gukaza umuvuduko: Gabanya aho gukaza umuvuduko kugeza kuri mm 150 kugira ngo wirinde ko imizigo igenda bitewe no gutuza cyangwa kunyeganyega.
5. Gukurikiza amategeko:
- Amabwiriza: Kureba neza ko iminyururu yujuje ibisabwa nka EN 12195-3 ku bushobozi bwo gufunga no gukingira.
- Amabwiriza yo Kurinda Imitwaro: Kurikiza amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yerekeye kubungabunga imitwaro mu buryo bwizewe mu gutwara abantu mu muhanda kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 31-2024
